变循环发动机过渡态性能直接模拟方法

为了实现多变量可调的变循环发动机（VCE）过渡态性能模拟和控制规律设计,在稳态逆算法和过渡态性能隐式格式计算方法的基础上开发了变循环发动机过渡态直接模拟方法。在稳态逆算法模型中加入容积效应和转子动力学方程,实现了同时给定加速率、涡轮前温度和压缩部件工作点的条件下直接模拟计算过渡态过程中变几何参数和燃油流量的调节规律,验证了方法的精度和可行性,并将该方法用于变循环发动机转模态性能模拟和控制规律设计。计算结果表明,过渡态直接模拟方法的误差在0.58%以内,超声速巡航状态下由单外涵模态转换到双外涵模态的时间约为1 s,海平面静止状态下双外涵转单外涵的时间约为3 s,且推力、转速、涡轮前温度、喘振裕度等参数过渡平稳。该方法可简化转模态控制规律设计流程,并提高设计精度。     

动叶顶部间隙结构对涡轮性能影响的数值分析

富氧燃气中工作的涡轮动叶顶部间隙较大,导致泄漏损失很大。通过对四种不同动叶顶部结构的涡轮级进行流场数值模拟,比较了其对涡轮性能、流场的影响。结果表明,动叶顶部围带与壳体迷宫结构的泄漏量最小,因而效率损失最小。     

基于高速慢车的航空发动机快速响应控制

针对传统航空发动机响应速度慢,难以在紧急事件中用于控制受损飞机完成起降过程的问题,采用高速慢车控制模式来提升发动机加速性能,通过增加发动机在慢车时高压压气机转速,为加速前期提供更大的燃油流量,从而缩短发动机从慢车至最大状态的加速时间。为保证慢车时高压转子转速提高的同时发动机推力和稳定裕度不变,通过修改高压压气机可调导叶控制计划来调整高压转子工作点。仿真结果显示,与原有控制相比,采用高速慢车快速响应控制模式的发动机加速上升时间从原来的2.00s缩短至1.86s,而高压压气机最小喘振裕度仅由16.01%下降至14.81%,同时慢车推力基本保持不变。     

基于核心机的GTF发动机方案研究

齿轮传动风扇(GTF)发动机具有部件效率高、噪声低、级数少和质量轻的特点,是未来大型民用发动机的主要发展方向之一。为加快后续发动机的发展,在现有核心机的基础上,通过发动机典型气动循环参数的匹配分析,完成GTF发动机总体性能设计方案。分析了涵道比、风扇外涵压比、低压压气机压比、传动比等参数对GTF发动机性能的影响,初步确定参数选取范围。通过对比相同涵道比的GTF发动机与常规结构发动机,其推力和耗油率等性能指标基本接近,但GTF发动机具有低压部件级数显著减少的优点;总结了GTF发动机特有的关键技术。     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室三维流动数值计算

采用ｋε双方程湍流模型，以ＳＩＭＰＬＥ 计算程式求解翼柱型装药固体火箭发动机燃烧室内三维非定常不可压流ＮＳ 方程．在建立翼柱型装药简化模型的基础上采用边界标志法来表达燃面推移，采用从二维到三维的初场给定方法结合多重网格法求出了多个时间步的非稳态流场结构．计算结果表明燃烧室内旋涡运动呈现一定的空间与时间分布，周向加质导致燃气通道横断面上轴向速度分布的极不均衡．     

液体火箭发动机系统设计仿真与优化

建立了某液体火箭发动机系统设计的仿真模型与相应的多目标优化模型,编制了系统仿真程序,并在iSIGHT的软件平台上针对不同的优化目标对发动机的设计参数进行优化.采用了组合优化策略,结合多岛遗传算法和序列二次规划算法分别进行全局寻优和局部寻优,求得全局最优点.建立了单燃气发生器循环系统的质量模型,在优化过程中考虑了发动机主要部件结构质量对系统性能的影响。以燃烧室压强、混合比和喷管出口反压为设计变量,优化目标包括发动机比冲、有效载荷、结构质量、密度比冲、关机时飞行速度、推进剂综合密度.并根据结果分析了燃烧室压强和混合比对发动机性能的影响.     

Fault diagnosis based on measurement reconstruction of HPT exit pressure for turbofan engine

Aero-engine gas path health monitoring plays a critical role in Engine Health Management(EHM). To achieve unbiased estimation, traditional filtering methods have strict requirements on measurement parameters which sometimes cannot be measured in engineering. The most typical one is the High-Pressure Turbine(HPT) exit pressure, which is vital to distinguishing failure modes between different turbines. For the case of an abrupt failure occurring in a single turbine component, a model-based sensor measurement reconstruction method is proposed in this paper. First,to estimate the missing measurements, the forward algorithm and the backward algorithm are developed based on corresponding component models according to the failure hypotheses. Then,a new fault diagnosis logic is designed and the traditional nonlinear filter is improved by adding the measurement estimation module and the health parameter correction module, which uses the reconstructed measurement to complete the health parameters estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can well restore the desired measurement and the estimated measurement can be used in the turbofan engine gas path diagnosis. Compared with the diagnosis under the condition of missing sensors, this method can distinguish between different failure modes, quantify the variations of health parameters, and achieve good performance at multiple operating points in the flight envelope.     

障碍物对脉冲爆震火箭发动机性能影响的实验研究

为了探究障碍物对脉冲爆震火箭发动机在无阀自适应工作方式下性能的影响,采用汽油为燃料,富氧空气为氧化剂,开展了工作频率为20Hz的无阀式多循环实验研究。实验中使用Shchelkin螺旋、螺旋凹槽、环形凹槽和孔板作为障碍物,并分析了其对起爆和推进性能的影响。研究结果表明,Shchelkin螺旋、螺旋凹槽和环形凹槽在阻塞比BR=0.36,0.46和0.56时都可实现PDRE的稳定工作,孔板在BR=0.56时无法实现爆震的起始;Shchelkin螺旋的DDT距离和DDT时间最短;实验测得的平均推力较理想流动模型理论值有13.3%~39.3%的亏损,BR=0.36的Shchelkin螺旋推力损失最小;螺旋凹槽与环形凹槽的DDT距离和DDT时间较长,没有明显的推力增益。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

Experimental study of a controlled variable double-baffle distortion generator engine test rig

In order to explore the total-pressure distortion test assessment method for a turbofan engine, a Controlled Variable Double-Baffle Distortion Generator(CVDBDG) with a horizontal symmetry moving form was developed, which can adjust the steady-state and time–variant distortion separately in real time. The inlet total-pressure distortion test was conducted on an afterburner turbofan engine. The distortion parameters of CVDBDG and the instability characteristics of the engine were measured. The experimental data were modeled and analyzed by using back propagation artificial neural networks, and the work envelope of CVDBDG was obtained. Based on the analysis of the data on the engine's instability, the properties of CVDBDG used for the stability assessment were preliminarily evaluated. The results show that CVDBDG can simulate both steady-state and time–variant distortions simultaneously in a range determined by three envelopes.Under the condition of symmetric double baffles, a critical depth of insertion exists, beyond which the symmetric baffles will generate an asymmetric flow field. In the case of double baffles, compared to a single baffle, the engine exhibited different instability characteristics. Based on CVDBDG, it is expected that more efficient engine stability and durability assessment methods can be developed.